The Activity of Rifampin and Analogs against Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms in a CAPD Environment Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rifampin has been noted to exhibit exceptional antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms as compared to commonly used antibiotics. To further explore this unique effect of rifampin, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of three commercially available preparations of rifampin, two rifampin analogs (CGP29861 and rifapentine) and the parent compound rifamycin SV. These were tested against standardized S. epidermidis biofilms in various milieus. All six members of the rifamycin group tested demonstrated marked antimicrobial activity but with minor foci of resisters when tested in a peptone water environment. The microscopy of the exposed biofilms showed profound lysis and morphological distortion of the remaining cells. The synergistic elimination of the foci of resistance was achieved in an environment of fresh peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution or by the addition of vancomycin. Neither vancomycin nor fresh PD solution demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity when tested alone with biofilm preparations. Spent PD fluid markedly antagonized the activity of the rifamycins with the exception of the rifampin analogs, an effect primarily of pH. The synergistic effect of vancomycin with the rifamycins was not affected either by protein content or pH, leaving the antagonistic properties of spent PD fluid unexplained. The variable activity of the different members of the rifamycin group underlines the importance of structural differences in determining their interaction with bacterial biofilms. Further precision of the nature of these structural interactions is seen to have considerable potential for therapeutic advancement of catheter-associated sepsis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".