Towards the modeling of high-frequency ultrasound scattering from cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-frequency ultrasound is a novel method to detect cell death based on changes in cell morphology that cause alterations in the acoustic properties of cell ensembles in tissues. In previous work, our group has suggested that for cells with a nucleus to cell volume ratio of 0.33, the backscatter response from single cells was best modeled as a fluid sphere. However, for cells with a larger nucleus, neither the fluid nor the elastic sphere models showed a good agreement. We hypothesize that cells with a large nucleus ratio (> 0.33) may be modeled as an elastic sphere surrounded by a fluid shell. In this work, the backscatter response from non-nucleated cells (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus oocytes) was measured Experimental RF lines were acquired using the VisualSonics VS40B ultrasound biomicroscope using 20 and 40 MHz transducers. A finite-element model of wave propagation was developed to solve high-frequency ultrasound scattering from spheres. A very good agreement was found suggesting that the cytoplasm of the oocytes is of fluid nature. Finally, a finite-element model treating the cells as having an elastic nucleus surrounded by a fluid shell is compared to experimental measurements. The implications of these findings on the prediction of ultrasound backscatter from cells are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".