Susceptibility of cones and seeds to fungal infection in a pine (<i>Pinus</i> spp.) collection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Thirty‐one fungi, members of Ascomycota and Deuteromycota, were isolated from cones/seeds of 28 hosts (Pinus spp.) originating from East Asia, Europe and North America, and growing at the Montreal Botanical Garden, Canada. A total of 21 taxa of these isolated fungi are considered pathogens. The damage severity was most prevalent on Diploxylon pines of European provenance (Pinus nigra, Pinus mugo and Pinus sylvestris), and one indigenous North American species (Pinus albicaulis). Twelve fungi occurred on different hosts, i.e. Sphaeropsis sapinea (12), Herpotrichia juniperi (8), Truncatella hartigii (7), Ceuthospora sp. (5), Fusarium, spp. (5), Pestalotiopsis funerea (3), Phomopsis sp. (3), Valsa spp. (anamorph. Cytospora) (3), Diaporthe sp. (3), Fusicoccum sp. (2) and Sirococcus strobilinus (2). Sphaeropsis sapinea, Herpotrichia juniperi, Phomopsis conorum, Truncatella hartigii, Tubercularia sp. and Valsa spp. were related to high cone and seed damage. For the most frequently observed Sphaeropsis sapinea damage, the subgenus Haploxylon was less susceptible than Diploxylon, and P. sylvestris less than P. nigra and P. mugo. Pinus resinosa showed more tolerance to S. sapinea. Truncatella hartigii was more frequently associated with necrotic lesions on cones/seeds in comparison with Pestalotiopsis funerea. The results are discussed in the context of arboretum, seed orchard, nursery and quarantine management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".