Preoperative chemoradiation with oral capecitabine in locally advanced rectal cancers: An impact on sphincter preservation and pathologic response
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Preoperative chemorradiotherapy with concurrent 5-flourouracil (5-FU) has shown superior results as compared to postoperative chemoradiation. Capecitabine, an oral flouropyrimidine, is converted to 5-FU in the body. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of capecitabine as radiosensitizer in preoperative chemoradiation of locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: From November 2008 to December 2009, 20 patients with locally advanced rectal cancers (≥ T3 or N+), were treated after written consent with concurrent capecitabine (825 mg/m 2 oral twice daily) with pelvic radiotherapy (dose 5040 cGy in 28 fractions), followed by total mesorectal excision surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Primary endpoints were pathologic response rates, efficacy of capecitabine and its toxicity. Pathologic response rates and toxicities were summarized with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: The predominant radiological stage was T3 N+ in 40% followed by T4N0 in 35%. The complete pathologic response (pCR) was achieved in 3 patients (15%), the downstaging was observed in 17 patients (85%). Sphincter preservation was reported in 65% cases. The Grade 3 hematological toxicities were lymphopenia (30%) and neutropenia (10%). The Grade 3 non hematological toxicities observed were; diarrhea/proctitis (25%) and nausea/vomiting (25%). No hand foot syndrome or Grade 3 skin toxicity was seen. Conclusions: The capecitabine as radiosensitizer was well tolerated, more convenient than intravenous 5-FU and with similar response rates in locally advanced rectal cancer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".