Persistent Osteopenia in Adult Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator–deficient Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RATIONALE: A loss of function mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene is believed to be an independent risk factor for bone disease in patients with cystic fibrosis. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this work was to use congenic mice as a preclinical model to examine the bone phenotype of Cftr(-/-) mice and control littermates at 8, 12, and 28 weeks of age. METHODS: The bone phenotype of control and Cftr(-/-) mice was evaluated by quantitative imaging, histologic and histomorphometric analyses, and serum levels of bone biomarkers. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: At 12 weeks of age, Cftr(-/-) mice were smaller, had lower bone mineral density, cortical bone thinning, and altered trabecular architecture compared with Cftr(+/+) or Cftr(+/-) control mice. In skeletally mature 28-week-old mice, there were persistent deficits in cortical and trabecular bone structure in Cftr(-/-) mice despite significant, quantifiable improvements. Cftr(-/-) mice also had lower serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels at 12 weeks of age than did control mice, whereas parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent osteopenia and structural abnormalities in adult Cftr(-/-) mice, in the absence of overt respiratory and gastrointestinal disease, suggest that loss of Cftr function has a direct impact on bone metabolism in Cftr(-/-) mice that is not sex specific or subject to haplotype insufficiency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".