Distribution, biology and integrated management of the pea leaf weevil, <i>Sitona lineatus</i> L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with an analysis of research needs.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatus L. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), is a significant pest of field pea ( Pisum sativum L.) and broad bean ( Vicia faba L.) crops throughout Europe, Asia, Africa and North America and it has recently become an established pest in the Canadian prairies. The geographical expansion and current distribution of S. lineatus , its life history, economic impact and control strategies are reviewed. Primary hosts of the pea leaf weevil, on which pre-imaginal development can occur, are identified, in addition to its secondary hosts, which provide nourishment for adults when not in their reproductive phase. The importance of pheromones and host plant volatile compounds for mate finding and host plant location is reviewed. Research on control strategies for S. lineatus is summarized, but to date surprisingly little effort has been expended to develop and implement integrated pest management (IPM) programmes, even though combining insecticide use with host plant resistance, cultural and biological control strategies promises to enhance its management. The development of an effective population monitoring system for pea leaf weevil, scientifically derived economic threshold values, and designing an IPM programme for S. lineatus comprise the most critical research needs for improving the sustainable management of this insect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".