Natural occurrence of a partitivirus in the sapstaining fungus <i>Ceratocystis resinifera</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The bisegmented genome of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus from isolate LG115 of Ceratocystis resinifera, a sapstaining ascomycete fungus, was characterized. The larger segment (dsRNA-1) was 2305 base pairs in length, whereas the smaller one (dsRNA-2) was 2207 base pairs. The positive strand of dsRNA-1 contained an open reading frame (ORF) with the potential to encode a protein of 661 amino acids, and this ORF was closely related to coat proteins (CPs) of previously characterized fungal partitiviruses. The dsRNA-2 sequence encodes a putative protein of 663 amino acids, and this protein contains conserved motifs of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRPs) and is highly related to RDRPs of fungal partitiviruses. These results suggest that these two dsRNAs are the genome of a partitivirus. Nucleotide and amino acid comparisons revealed high similarities between this virus and a partitivirus described from Ceratocystis polonica, a closely related sapstaining fungus. Over the entire genome, the two viruses shared 82.8%–84.7% nucleotide sequence identities, and the amino acid sequence identities for CPs and RDRPs were 87.3% and 95.6%, respectively. These results suggest that the viruses in C. polonica and C. resinifera can be considered as two strains of the same partitivirus. The natural occurrence of a partitivirus in two fungal species indicates that horizontal transmission of this partitivirus may have occurred between these two fungi. Northern blot analysis indicated that this partitivirus was widespread in populations of C. resinifera.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".