Natural occurrence of a partitivirus in the sapstaining fungus <i>Ceratocystis resinifera</i>
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The bisegmented genome of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus from isolate LG115 of Ceratocystis resinifera, a sapstaining ascomycete fungus, was characterized. The larger segment (dsRNA-1) was 2305 base pairs in length, whereas the smaller one (dsRNA-2) was 2207 base pairs. The positive strand of dsRNA-1 contained an open reading frame (ORF) with the potential to encode a protein of 661 amino acids, and this ORF was closely related to coat proteins (CPs) of previously characterized fungal partitiviruses. The dsRNA-2 sequence encodes a putative protein of 663 amino acids, and this protein contains conserved motifs of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRPs) and is highly related to RDRPs of fungal partitiviruses. These results suggest that these two dsRNAs are the genome of a partitivirus. Nucleotide and amino acid comparisons revealed high similarities between this virus and a partitivirus described from Ceratocystis polonica, a closely related sapstaining fungus. Over the entire genome, the two viruses shared 82.8%–84.7% nucleotide sequence identities, and the amino acid sequence identities for CPs and RDRPs were 87.3% and 95.6%, respectively. These results suggest that the viruses in C. polonica and C. resinifera can be considered as two strains of the same partitivirus. The natural occurrence of a partitivirus in two fungal species indicates that horizontal transmission of this partitivirus may have occurred between these two fungi. Northern blot analysis indicated that this partitivirus was widespread in populations of C. resinifera.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it