Under Ice Water Movements Induced by Mechanical surface Aeration and Air Injection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that successful lake aeration for winterkill prevention induces large-scale (whole-lake) convective flow rather than discrete aerated cells. Discrete circulating cells were not identified using mechanical surface aeration or air injection. Thermal destratification reached the most distant shorelines (up to 900 m). However, dissolved oxygen levels began to decline at about 600 m in lakes with surface aerators and at about 800 m with air injection. Vertical mixing was determined by the depth below the diffusers or surface aerators (as opposed to zmax). In addition, small depressions or distinct basins separated from the aerated basin by a shallow sill stratified and tended toward anoxia as winter progressed. Near-field velocity and dye measurements helped define zones of detrainment and entrainment near the aeration devices. These observations revealed a new conceptual model comprised of single detrainment and entrainment plumes separated by a sheer zone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".