The Role of Distal S6 Hydrophobic Residues in the Voltage-dependent Gating of CaV2.3 Channels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The hydrophobic locus VAVIM is conserved in the S6 transmembrane segment of domain IV (IVS6) in Ca(V)1 and Ca(V)2 families. Herein we show that glycine substitution of the VAVIM motif in Ca(V)2.3 produced whole cell currents with inactivation kinetics that were either slower (A1719G approximately V1720G), similar (V1718G), or faster (I1721G approximately M1722G) than the wild-type channel. The fast kinetics of I1721G were observed with a approximately +10 mV shift in its voltage dependence of activation (E(0.5,act)). In contrast, the slow kinetics of A1719G and V1720G were accompanied by a significant shift of approximately -20 mV in their E(0.5,act) indicating that the relative stability of the channel closed state was decreased in these mutants. Glycine scan performed with Val (349) in IS6, Ile(701) in IIS6, and Leu(1420) in IIIS6 at positions predicted to face Val(1720) in IVS6 also produced slow inactivating currents with hyperpolarizing shifts in the activation and inactivation potentials, again pointing out a decrease in the stability of the channel closed state. Mutations to other hydrophobic residues at these positions nearly restored the channel gating. Altogether these data indicate that residues at positions equivalent to 1720 exert a critical control upon the relative stability of the channel closed and open states and more specifically, that hydrophobic residues at these positions promote the channel closed state. We discuss a three-dimensional homology model of Ca(V)2.3 based upon Kv1.2 where hydrophobic residues at positions facing Val(1720) in IS6, IIS6, and IIIS6 play a critical role in stabilizing the closed state in Ca(V)2.3.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".