Evaluation of phenolic resins from one-pot microwave synthesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The characteristics of oxalic acid catalyzed phenolic resins, synthesized using the conventional heating method and by a one-pot microwave process, were evaluated and compared. Phenolic resins were produced in an autoclave with reflux times of 3, 5 and 7 hours, and by one-pot microwave synthesis at different power levels (176.364, 315.092, 453.820, 592.548W) for reaction times of 15-90 minutes. UV-vis spectroscopy and FT-IR analyses showed similarities in the characteristics of the resins synthesized by both methods. Concentration of residual phenol in the products decreased with reaction time. For the conventional method the decrease in phenol after an initial 3hrs of reaction were 4.3% (in 5hrs) and 22.3% (7hrs), while in microwave synthesis at a power level of 176.364W and an initial reaction time of 30mins the phenol decreased by 33.05% (in 60mins) and 91.61% (in 90mins). At a power level of 315.092W and an reaction time of 15mins it decreased by 36.3% (in 20mins), 16.5% (in 25mins) and 10.8% (in 30mins).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".