Experimental Investigations on the Flow Dynamics and Abandonment Pressure for CO2 Sequestration and Oil Recovery in Artificially Fractured Cores
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract CO2 flooding in naturally fractured reservoirs is becoming increasingly more popular. The Midale Field is a good example of this phenomenon and has gained a great deal of interest, not only from enhanced oil recovery, but also from a CO2 sequestration point of view. To consider future opportunities for greenhouse sequestration in these types of reservoirs while improving oil recovery specifically in the Midale field, a series of experiments were performed. The goal of this work was to study the effect of miscibility (miscible, immiscible and near-miscible regions) and injection rate on incremental oil recovery and sequestration during continuous injection in fractured porous media. Another important aspect considered was to analyze the effect of pressure drawdown or depletion on additional recovery with sequestration optimization. First, artificially fractured Berea sandstone samples were used. CO2 was injected at constant, slow rates into the fracture, while maintaining the high-pressure into the core and the system. At the end of the production life, the pressure into the system was released to different pressure steps and kept for a longer period of time at each of the reduced steps of pressure. In between two pressure steps, the system was shut down for enough time to observe the effect of CO2 and oil diffusion/back diffusion. After a series of Berea sandstone experiments, a few tests were conducted on the Midale cores, which were obtained from a good quality matrix part of the field. Injection and production data were collected using a continuous data logging system, an analysis of the produced liquids and measuring the gas production using a continuous flowmeter, which led to the understanding of the mechanism. The results showed that the pressure blowdown, followed by shut in after continuous injection, can increase oil recovery significantly until a certain critical pressure. Storage capacity of the rock with change in pressure and amount of oil recovered during blowdown period will lead to the critical understanding of abandonment pressure during the project life to achieve the goal of sequestration and recovery optimization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".