Circles on pommel horse with a suspended aid: Spatio-temporal characteristics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A suspended aid is popular for learning circles and for refining circle technique on pommel horse. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using a suspended aid on the biomechanical characteristics of circles. This first study focused specifically on the spatio-temporal characteristics of circles. Eighteen gymnasts performed three sets of 10 circles with and without a suspended aid on a pommel horse under which two force plates were set. Three-dimensional coordinates were acquired using 13 Qualisys motion tracking cameras operating at 100 Hz. The results showed that circles with the aid were characterised by a smaller body flexion angle, a greater shoulder angle, a greater ankle circle diameter, earlier hand releases, and a longer total duration. In contrast, the body lateral flexion angle, the arm-leaning angle, and the shoulder circle diameter remained relatively similar to circles without the aid. It was confirmed that circles with the aid actually appeared to be more desirable in terms of the movement amplitude. In this sense, a suspended aid could function as spotting, which is often used for a progression to learn gymnastics skills and to let gymnasts experience a desired movement pattern.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".