EFFECTS OF AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE EXERCISE ON VO2MAX, STRENGTH, AND GLUCOSE CONTROL IN OLDER AND YOUNGER TYPE 2 DIABETIC SUBJECTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
HbA1c reflects average blood glucose over the previous 2–3 months. In previous studies, resistance exercise training has reduced HbA1c primarily in studies of older type 2 diabetic (T2DM) subjects (age > 55 or 60), while aerobic exercise has reduced HbA1c primarily in studies of relatively younger subjects. PURPOSE To compare the changes in VO2max, strength and HbA1c in response to 6 months exercise training in older (55–70 yrs: n=51) vs. younger (40–50 yrs: n=37) T2DM participants in a randomized trial. METHODS Previously inactive T2DM subjects were randomized to aerobic exercise (A; progressing to 45 min at 75% HRmax, n=20), resistance exercise [R; 2–3 sets of 8–12 repetition maximum (RM), n=23], combination aerobic and resistance training (AR; n=20) or a waiting control-list group (C; n=25). Each exercise group trained 3x/wk for 6 months. Strength testing was done using an 8 RM protocol for seated row, leg press and bench press. Mean strength gains are reported as an average of the 3 exercises. VO2max was assessed using graded treadmill protocols to volitional fatigue. All tests were performed at baseline and 6-months. RESULTS The responses of older and younger subjects did not differ significantly on any measure. Mean increases in VO2max for A were 8.6% in old and 6.7% in young and for AR were 5.3% in old and 8.6% in young. Strength increased in AR by 47.3% in old and 52.4% in young, and in R by 60.9% in old and 86.5% in young subjects. Neither VO2max nor strength changed significantly in C. HbA1c decreased by 8.9% in both old and young A, 11.8% in old AR, 17.4% in young AR, 2.9% in old R, and 1.3% in young R. No change in HbA1c was measured in either older or younger subjects in C. CONCLUSION Older (55–70 yrs) and younger (40–54 yrs) T2DM subjects respond similarily to aerobic, resistance or combined exercise in terms of strength, VO2max and glucose control. Supported by CIHR, CDA and the University of Ottawa.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".