Intensive Hog Farming in Manitoba: Transnational Treadmills and Local Conflicts*
Bibliographic record
Abstract
L'exploitation intensive des porcheries a connu un essor rapide dans L'Ouest canadien. La croissance de L'agriculture industrielle porcine manitobaine est analysée comme une étude de cas d'un «tapis roulant de production transnational». La production et les exportation ont augmenté de façon considérable alors que L'industrie est devenue plus concentrée; mais des coûts environnementaux, entre autres des préoccupations quant aux odeurs et à la qualité de L'eau, sont devenus plus visibles. Les gouvernements provinciaux ont encouragé, par des politiques néolibérales, L'expansion de cette Industrie et ont hésitéà imposer des exigences réglementaires. Le processus d'approbation des porcheries a été en grande partie ramené au niveau des municipalités rurales. Il reste que cela s'est traduit en une controverse politique acharnée dans plusieurs collectivités locales, ce qui a forcé le gouvernement du Manitoba àétudier une réglementation plus rigoureuse dans ce secteur d'activité. Intensive hog operations have grown at a rapid rate in Western Canada. The growth of factory hog farming in Manitoba is analysed as a case study of a “transnational treadmill of production.” Output and exports have increased dramatically and the industry has become more concentrated, but negative environmental externalities, notably odour and water‐quality concerns, have become more visible.Provincial governments have promoted the expansion of this industry through neo‐liberal policies and have been reluctant to impose regulatory restrictions. The hog barn approval process has been largely downloaded to the rural municipal level. However, this has resulted in fierce political controversy in many local communities, which has forced the Manitoba government to consider more active regulation of hog factory farms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".