Effect of Soft Filler Particles on Polymer Diffusion in Poly(butyl methacrylate) Latex Films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We examine the influence of small (56 nm diameter) cross-linked poly(butyl acrylate) (xPBA) particles as fillers on the diffusion rate of poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) molecules in PBMA latex films. For the high- M PBMA sample ( M w = 400 000), the presence of soft, elastic particles strongly decreases the diffusion rate of the PBMA molecules across the intercellular boundaries. The retardation effect increases linearly with xPBA content, with the surface-to-volume ratio for xPBA particles of different size, and is best explained as an obstacle effect on the PBMA diffusion rate. For the low- M PBMA sample ( M w = 35 000), the presence of 30 vol % cross-linked PBA particles increases the diffusion rate of the PBMA polymer, whereas in the presence of 60 vol % cross-linked PBA particles, the PBMA diffusion rate is the same as that in the latex film without filler. Thus, the overall effect of soft filler particles on polymer diffusion is a combination of an obstacle effect, which retards polymer diffusion, and a second effect, probably a free volume effect, which promotes polymer diffusion. This effect is much smaller for the high- M PBMA sample. Depending on which of these effects dominates, one can observe an increase or decrease in the polymer diffusion rate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".