A study of the mechanical and electrical properties of a polymer/carbon black binder system used in battery electrodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The effects of carbon black content and crosslinking on the mechanical and electrical properties of a fluorinated elastomer, FC2178 (Dyneon Corp., Oakdale, MN), poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene), were investigated and compared to those of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). Attention was given to changes in mechanical and electrical properties of the polymers when under cyclic deformation. To describe the mechanical properties of the carbon‐filled polymers in a way that is independent of the chemical details, two mechanical models were used to fit cyclic stress–strain experiments. The linear model was used to determine the effect of crosslinking on the mechanical properties of crosslinked FC2178 films. However, when carbon black was added to the polymer films, the linear model no longer fit the data well. In particular, the cyclic stress–strain curves for carbon‐filled polymers showed non‐linear regions and displayed the characteristic of ‘memory.’ A non‐linear element was added in parallel with the existing elements of the linear model to successfully describe the effects of the added carbon black. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1891–1899, 2003
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".