Bibliographic record
Abstract
During 1994 and 1999, the Bloemfontein Municipality amalgamated with five other municipalities to form the Mangaung Municipality.The Mangaung Municipality now has a population of approximately 740,000 and covers an area of 6,363 km 2 .Some areas are totally urban; while in others, people live in informal settlements.The unemployment rate is 35%, but in some areas it has risen to as high as 48%.Poor people in the city cannot afford to buy burnt bricks from the major suppliers of bricks.Therefore, informal brickyards were established all over the areas where clay and/or water were available.These brickyards are now producing good homemade burnt bricks and are creating jobs in a sea of unemployment.However, the problem is that from a planning and sustainability viewpoint, all is not well.Although the location of the brickyards has brought about a saving in costs related to the transportation of bricks from the formal brickyards, of which the nearest is 300 km away, the coalburning activities of the informal brickyards create air pollution.Furthermore, no prior environmental impact studies were carried out before deciding on the location of the brickyards.Most of them have been established haphazardly in any available spot.This paper will explain how these problems could be handled within the context of sustainable planning.The environmental issues will need to be evaluated from a socioeconomic perspective.A proposed policy to guide future development will have to be part of the integrated development plan; and this paper will show how this could be effectuated in practice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.021 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.067 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".