<i>Phodopus campbelli</i> detect reduced photoperiod during development but, unlike <i>Phodopus sungorus</i> , retain functional reproductive physiology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Golden (Mesocricetus auratus) and Siberian (Phodopus sungorus) hamsters are widely used as animal models for seasonal reproduction; but M. auratus shows no developmental delay in short days until after sexual maturity, whereas P. sungorus juveniles delay development in short days. As the photoperiodic response of Phodopus campbelli is not well established, litters of the two Phodopus species were gestated and reared under long days (14 h light:10 h darkness) or short days (10 h light:14 h darkness) until 70 days of age. As expected, under short photoperiod P. sungorus showed reduced body, testes, epididymides, uterus, and ovary weight; antral follicles and corpora lutea were absent and vaginae remained closed. Animals moulted to winter pelage, and low concentrations of each of leptin, testosterone, and prolactin were present in male serum. Phodopus campbelli juveniles also responded to the short photoperiod as measured by reduced body, testes, epididymides, and ovary weight. The summer pelage persisted. However, both sexes of P. campbelli developed functional reproduction under 10 h light:14 h darkness. All females had a patent vagina by 10 weeks; ovaries contained antral follicles and corpora lutea, and uteri were not reduced in weight. In males, the concentrations of testosterone, leptin, and prolactin were not reduced by short photoperiod. Developmental patterns in the three species of hamster, therefore, differ and are not predicted by relatedness or latitude of origin. Other ecological traits, such as predictability of summer rainfall, ambient temperature, and differential responses to social cues might be important.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".