The Effect of Atomization Method on the Morphology of Spray Dried Particles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Effect of various atomization methods as well as solution concentration on the morphology of MgSO4 particles produced by spray drying of aqueous solutions of MgSO4 is investigated. Four types of atomizers are tested: (1) A mesh vibrating nebulizer, which generates low velocity droplets of 0.2 m/s with a size range of 1μm to 7 μm. (2) A splash plate nozzle, which generates droplets with an average velocity of 21 m/s and a size range of 40 μm to 500 μm. (3) An air mist atomizer, which generates droplets with an average velocity of 22 m/s and a size range of 20 μm to 150 μm. (4) A pressure atomizer, which generates droplets with an average velocity of 20 m/s and a size range of 30 μm to 1000 μm. Several types of particle morphologies are identified in this research. For the vibrating mesh nebulizer most of the particles are non-disrupted thick wall shells. For the splash plate and the air mist atomizer most of the particles are deformed spherical shells due to contraction and some are uniformly or non-uniformly disrupted. Higher initial solute concentration thickens the shell wall and prevents the particles to burst. It is found to be hard to obtain fully filled particles even for nearly saturated solutions at room temperature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".