Intrathecal Administration of Epidermal Growth Factor and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Promotes Ependymal Proliferation and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have shown previously that epidermal growth factor (EGF) plus fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) expands the neural precursor cells in the ependyma of the normal adult rat spinal cord in vivo. To investigate the therapeutic effect of these factors on spinal cord injury (SCI), we administered EGF, FGF2, EGF plus FGF2, or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) intrathecally (15 ng/h of EGF or FGF2) for 3 or 14 days after mild (2.4-g) or moderate (20-g) clip compression injury at T1 in adult rats. Histological and functional assessments were used to evaluate the therapeutic effects. The EGF plus FGF2 group, which received these agents for 14 days, showed better functional recovery than the aCSF group 42 days after moderate SCI (p < 0.05). At 14 days, the EGF plus FGF2 group showed a much greater expansion of ependymal cells and astrocytes compared to the other groups, and there was evidence for extensive migration of ependymal cells into the surrounding injured cord. These mitogens did not significantly enhance nestin expression in the ependymal layer or alter the expansion of oligodendrocyte precursor cells or microglia/macrophages, and dividing cells did not show the neuron-specific marker NeuN except immediately adjacent to the ependyma. The exact mechanism for improved functional recovery after EGF plus FGF2 is not known.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".