Cadmium-Induced Changes in Germination, Seedlings Growth, and DNA Fingerprinting of in vitro Grown Cichorium pumilum Jacq.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Cd2+ on germination, growth, proline content, lipid peroxidation, and DNA fingerprinting of in vitro grown Cichorium pumilum. Results showed that seed germination was highly inhibited by cadmium (down to 47% at 1600 µM CdCl2). In addition, root and shoot growth showed significant decreases in response to CdCl2 level. Analysis of proline content and lipid peroxidation showed that with increasing CdCl2 levels in the growing medium, the amount of proline accumulation and lipid peroxidation increased gradually. Total chlorophyll content was found to increase only at higher tested levels of Cd2+ (800 and 1600 µM). The results also show that Cd2+ inhibits callus growth at different levels starting from 50 µM CdCl2 compared with the control in the callus growth experiment. Callus growth ceased completely at 200 µM CdCl2 and above. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis showed DNA alterations in Cd2+-treated C. pumilum microshoots compared with the control. The results of this experiment showed that Cd2+ stress affects several physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes in C. pumilum.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".