Characterization of phytoplankton seed banks in the sediments of a drinking water reservoir
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The presence, abundance, and composition of algal and cyanobacterial populations in lake sediments were evaluated in Lake St. Charles (Quebec City, Canada), an urban drinking water reservoir. This water body has recently experienced cyanobacterial blooms, and we tested the hypothesis that a seed population of noxious taxa that could potentially re-inoculate the water column was present in the lake sediments. Cores were obtained from 8 sites spanning a range of depth and sediment conditions in both basins of the lake; sampling was from May to October over 2 years. Three techniques were applied: observation of the surficial sediments by epifluorescence microscopy; pigment analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); and laboratory enrichment culture of sediment samples under different light, temperature, and nutrient conditions. These analyses revealed the presence of diverse phytoplankton pigments and fluorescent cells in the sediments, with a predominance of diatoms along with dinoflagellates, chrysophytes, chlorophytes, euglenophytes, and cryptophytes. Growth of benthic filamentous cyanobacteria was induced from the sediments during the incubations, but bloom-forming genera that occurred in the lake such as Anabaena and Microcystis were not detected in any of the sediments, either before or after incubation. These observations imply that the episodic blooms of cyanobacteria in Lake St. Charles were not derived from an abundant seed population distributed throughout the surficial sediments of the lake. Alternative inoculum sources may include localized populations in sediments at sites that were not sampled in the present study, cyanobacteria that may enter via the inflows, or holoplanktonic populations that persist in the water column at low cell concentrations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it