Is the pipeline hydro‐transport of wheat straw and corn stover to a biorefinery realistic?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Pipeline hydro‐transport is an alternative to truck delivery of agricultural residue (lignocellulosic) biomass. Pipeline hydro‐transport benefits from economies of scale, reduces total delivery costs, and enables bio‐based energy facilities to achieve higher capacities. In this study, the empirical correlation based on experimentally developed data for pipeline transport of agricultural residue‐water mixtures (slurry) was used to develop a data‐intensive techno‐economic model to estimate the cost of pipeline hydro‐transport of wheat straw and corn stover to a bioethanol refinery. The total cost of pipeline hydro‐transport was found to be lowest at 8.8% dry matter slurry solid mass content and 2.5 m s −1 slurry velocity. At this biomass slurry solid mass content and velocity, the pipeline hydro‐transport of biomass was found to be economically more viable than truck delivery at capacities of 0.45 M dry t yr −1 or more for a one‐way pipeline and 1.4 M dry t yr −1 or more for a two‐way pipeline (with the return of the carrier liquid). The ability to economically hydro‐transport agricultural residue biomass in pipes offers the opportunity to develop large‐scale bioethanol plants. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".