Estrogen modulation of left ventricular remodeling in the aged heart
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of estrogen on left ventricle (LV) mass and collagen deposition, and on the expression of receptors for estrogen (ER alpha, ER beta) and Ang II (AT(2)R, AT(1)R) in the heart of aged female rats. METHODS: Aged ( approximately 12 months old) intact (n=7), ovariectomized plus placebo (OVX, n=7), and estrogen-replaced (E2, n=6) as well as young ( approximately 3 months old, n=4) female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. After 1 month of treatment, the left ventricular weight/body weight ratio (LVW/BW), changes in myosin heavy chain expression (MHC), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity, the collagen I/III ratio, and the expression of ERs and Ang II receptors in the LV were evaluated. RESULTS: In aged rats, OVX increased LVW/BW associated with a higher expression of beta-MHC isoform, increased collagen I/III ratio, and decreased MMP-2 activity compared to intact rats. Furthermore, the OVX group had a decrease in ERs alpha and beta as well as AT(2)R but an increase in AT(1)R expression. Estrogen replacement prevented the effects of ovariectomy on heart remodeling as well as increased further expression of ER beta and decreased AT(1)R expression. CONCLUSION: Removal of ovarian hormones increased LV remodeling in the aged rat, which could be attenuated by estrogen replacement. Moreover, regulation of Ang II receptor expression could be a mechanism by which estrogen may modulate heart remodeling.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it