Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by multiple risk factors and is associated with increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The rapid change in the lifestyle and food habits of Chinese people has resulted in metabolic syndrome becoming one of the most widespread health challenges in China. Recently, the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was developed as a new parameter reflecting arterial stiffness and providing an index of vascular status. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome on CAVI. A total of 222 Chinese subjects aged 50-92 years participated in this study. We measured CAVI and examined blood samples to define metabolic syndrome according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. CAVI in the subjects with abnormal waist circumference was significantly higher than that obtained in the normal subjects (P < 0.01). In the abnormal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) group, CAVI was significantly increased (P < 0.01) compared to the normal HDL-C group. CAVI showed a positive correlation with waist circumference and increased significantly with the number of metabolic syndrome components. In conclusion, subjects with metabolic syndrome have a high CAVI that indicated arterial stiffness and is closely associated with an increase in the number of metabolic syndrome risk factors. Elevated abdominal obesity and low HDL-C are the main players affecting arterial stiffness in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese. These findings suggest that interaction of the individual components of metabolic syndrome plays a role in the relationship between metabolic syndrome and arterial stiffness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".