Dispersible Tm<sup>3+</sup>‐Doped Nanoparticles that Exhibit Strong 1.47 μm Photoluminescence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A general procedure is described for the synthesis and conversion of dispersible core/shell LaF 3 :Tm/LaF 3 nanoparticles to highly dispersible thulium‐doped lanthanum disilicate nanoparticles (La 2 Si 2 O 7 :Tm) with an average diameter of 7 nm that show emission at a wavelength of 1.47 μm. Measurement of the citrate‐stabilized precursor nanoparticles in a KBr pellet shows a 1.47 μm emission with an effective lifetime of only 3 μs and an estimated quantum yield of ≪ 1 %. However, significant improvements to the emission properties are obtained by forming a ca. 1 nm thick silica shell around the nanoparticles via a modified Stöber method, followed by baking at 900 °C for 12 h to convert the LaF 3 matrix to La 2 Si 2 O 7 . Excitation with a 785 nm continuous wave (CW) diode laser results in the luminescence of the 3 H 4 – 3 F 4 transition at 1.47 μm with an effective lifetime of 56 μs and an estimated quantum yield of 4 %. High‐resolution measurements at 77 K are carried out in order to improve the resolution of the crystal‐field splitting observed from the 3 H 4 level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".