Dispersible Tm<sup>3+</sup>‐Doped Nanoparticles that Exhibit Strong 1.47 μm Photoluminescence
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A general procedure is described for the synthesis and conversion of dispersible core/shell LaF 3 :Tm/LaF 3 nanoparticles to highly dispersible thulium‐doped lanthanum disilicate nanoparticles (La 2 Si 2 O 7 :Tm) with an average diameter of 7 nm that show emission at a wavelength of 1.47 μm. Measurement of the citrate‐stabilized precursor nanoparticles in a KBr pellet shows a 1.47 μm emission with an effective lifetime of only 3 μs and an estimated quantum yield of ≪ 1 %. However, significant improvements to the emission properties are obtained by forming a ca. 1 nm thick silica shell around the nanoparticles via a modified Stöber method, followed by baking at 900 °C for 12 h to convert the LaF 3 matrix to La 2 Si 2 O 7 . Excitation with a 785 nm continuous wave (CW) diode laser results in the luminescence of the 3 H 4 – 3 F 4 transition at 1.47 μm with an effective lifetime of 56 μs and an estimated quantum yield of 4 %. High‐resolution measurements at 77 K are carried out in order to improve the resolution of the crystal‐field splitting observed from the 3 H 4 level.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it