Bibliographic record
Abstract
Following the database of large‐scale vortices during pseudo‐breakup and breakup registered by the Gillam All‐Sky Imager, we selected one event (19 February 1996) for a detailed consideration. This event is a sequence of pseudo‐breakup and local substorm, and breakup followed by the large substorm, which is isolated from the previous pseudo‐breakup by the second growth phase. Commencement of these elements of auroral activity was clearly seen above the Churchill line of the Canadian Auroral Network for the OPEN Program Unified Study (CANOPUS; pseudo‐breakup was completely covered by the field of view of the Gillam All‐Sky Imager). Geotail was located at ∼19 R E in the equatorial plane of midnight sector, which, along with supporting observations from two geostationary satellites (GOES 8 and 9), allowed for a comparison of ground‐based, geostationary orbit and midtail signatures. The pseudo‐breakup consisted of two distinct stages: a near‐exponential arc intensity growth and a poleward vortex expansion that started simultaneously with dipolarization in the inner magnetosphere. The latter corresponded to explosive onset of short‐period (tens of millihertz) pulsations observed at geostationary orbit and on the ground in the vicinity of the arc. No significant disturbances poleward of the vortex were observed. Pseudo‐breakup was followed by the second growth phase, which involved a significant thinning of the plasma sheet. Breakup was of a similar two‐stage character as the pseudo‐breakup. Full onset of the expansive phase that followed breakup was seen simultaneously by all instruments including Geotail, which detected strong perturbations in the midtail. The expansive phase onset launched the second postbreakup package of Pi2 pulsations that were of larger amplitude. Finally, during the substorm recovery phase, the poleward boundary intensifications (PBIs) were observed as long‐period, on the order of 10 min, pulses of electron precipitation. PBI commencement coincided with bursty flows and pulses of plasma energization in the midtail. Observed features support recent ideas claiming that we are dealing with processes (breakup, full onset of the expansive phase, and PBIs) of a distinct physical nature that require different commencement thresholds, namely, the inner plasma sheet instability (pseudo‐breakup and breakup), midtail reconnection (expansive phase onset), and further magnetotail dynamics during the recovery phase (PBIs).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".