P1–381: Effects of cognitive training, as measured with fMRI, in mild cognitive impairment: A brief review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often represents a transitional state between normal aging and early dementia and is commonly associated with memory impairment. Studies report benefits of cognitive training to amnestic MCI patients, however it is still unclear the patterns of brain activation underlying these interventions. Thus, recently studies have used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to understand changes in brain activation after cognitive training for this population. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched from 2000 to December 2012. The following key terms were combined with “Mild Cognitive Impairment”: “Neuropsychological Rehabilitation”, “Cognitive Rehabilitation”, “Cognitive Training”, “Memory Training”, “Memory Rehabilitation”,“Magnetic Resonance” and “Neuroimaging”. Articles were selected if they met the inclusion criteria: 1)Petersen's criteria for amnestic MCI; 2)The study should evaluate cognitive effects after cognitive training; 3)Presence of fMRI data pre and post training. A meta-analysis was performed involving memory encoding tasks. It was used post vs. pre-training contrasts and tabulated results in a standard brain (Montreal Neurological Institute or Tailarach). Peaks of activation were collected and analysed using Activation Likelihood Estimation. From 5 studies selected for the review, 4 were eligible for the meta-analysis. Despite the different intervention programs, all studies described memory benefits of cognitive training, which included attention practicing, learning and training of memory strategies to learn new information, such as visual imagery, organization techniques, object-location and face-name associations. All studies found changes in brain activation post-training. Regarding fMRI data, the meta-analysis showed 41 peak activation foci areas from 34 participants. During encoding tasks, the analysis revealed increased brain activation after training in clusters with main peaks located in the bilateral precuneus, left parahippocampal gyrus and right posterior cingulate cortex. Also, one study reported increased of hippocampal activity during encoding and retrieval tasks after training. Cognitive training to a-MCI patients can provide benefits on memory and changes in the pattern of brain activation, involving different brain areas, including those areas associated with memory. However, all results must be interpreted with caution due to the methodological limitations of the studies, such as small sample size, non-controlled experimental designs and heterogeneity of the instruments, memory strategies and fMRI paradigms used.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".