Transient Recovery Voltage Assessment for 138kV Breakers with the New Addition of a Wind Farm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Increased short circuit current level due to rapid growth of power network could reach and possibly exceed the capability of existing breakers. An assessment study of existing breakers needs to be performed to guarantee the breakers can operate safely at present and also in the future. A new proposed wind farm is added to a nearby substation. One concern is how the wind farm impacts the substation power system. This paper presents the assessment of the substation power system and determines if transient recovery voltage (TRV) exceed the breaker capability. The assessment was carried out by digital simulation using PSCAD to analyze TRV waveforms. This paper presents the detailed setting-up of the digital model of the substation and surrounded power system. Based on the output, the peak values and rate of rise of the TRV waveforms can be determined. These values were compared with breaker ratings calculated by IEC standard 62271-100. The studies indicate that breaker TRV does not exceed the capability and the breaker can operate safely with the new addition of a wind farm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".