Metal fluxes at the water sediment interface of shallow mine tailings ponds, Heathe Steele mines, New Brunswick.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dissolved water constituent concentration profiles were established at the surface watersediment interface in the three submerged tailings cells at the Heath Steele Mine (NB, Canada) using in situ dialysis peepers and trace metal clean techniques.Dissolved surface water trace element concentrations ranged from the low nanomolar level for cadmium (~ 10 -9 M) to the high nanomolar level for zinc (~10 -7 M).Concentrations decreased in the order: Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb ~ As ~ Se > Tl > Cd.Overall, dissolved porewater metal concentrations increased with sediment depth in the lower and upper cells and remained relatively unchanged in the north cell.From the established profiles, diffusional fluxes of copper, lead, zinc, nickel, cadmium, arsenic and thallium ions at the water-sediment interface were calculated.Comparison of results from duplicate peepers demonstrated an important spatial variability within each cell.Fluxes were nevertheless mostly negative, indicating a release of metals from the sediments to the water column.These fluxes were however quite low and would be expected to reverse in direction if more reducing conditions appear in the sediments as the tailings age.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".