Time-domain acoustic pressure fields from axisymmetric impulse sources by Rayleigh's Integral
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper shows how Rayleigh's Integral is used to efficiently and rapidly calculate time-domain pressure waveforms and wavefronts radiated from a planar baffle due to axisymmetric normal impulse accelerations that converge toward or expand away from a fixed center of symmetry. These accelerations are prescribed with simple functional forms and histories. The Rayleigh Integrals are evaluated by Gaussian integrations that seem peculiarly suited to the integrands. The acoustic fields are presented as “snapshots” of pressure contours of the evolving wavefront structures emerging from the baffle surface, and as functions of time at selected key points. As a bonus, significant insights are provided by graphs of slant range versus time that clearly identify key signal paths from the source points to the field points. The presented methods avoid the complexities inherent in more standard transform and harmonic source treatments. They also provide insights into actual acoustic fields generated by impulsive sources, as, e.g., above the ground surface over a deeply buried explosion. [J. R. Banister and W. V. Hereford, J. Geophys. Res. 96(D3), 5185-5193 (1991)] Simpler examples were reported earlier. [S. I. Warshaw, JASA 77, S60 (1985); JASA 79, S90 (1986); JASA 80, S106 (1986), and 12 ICA Toronto, L3-6 (1986)]
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".