Study of Aerospace Structures With Bonded Piezoelectric Strips Subjected to Unsteady Aerodynamic Loads for Structural Health Monitoring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper studies the aeroelastic oscillations of wing-like structures with the aim to detect at an incipient stage the presence of structural cracks. Such oscillations occur normally in certain flight evolutions of aircraft or can be excited by piezoelectric actuators bonded on the wing structure. These oscillations can be used to detect at an early stage the presence of cracks by monitoring the response of several piezoelectric sensors bonded on both sides of the structure during the aeroelastic oscillations. The proposed method of crack detection uses pairs of piezoelectric strip sensors bonded on the opposite sides of the structure and is based on the fact that the presence of a crack causes a difference between the strains measured by the two sensors of a pair. The structural analysis presented in this paper uses a nonlinear model for the cracks and a finite element formulation for the piezoelectric strips coupled with the structure. A 3D panel method developed by the authors is used to determine the unsteady aerodynamic loads acting on the oscillating wing structure. The dynamic analysis in the time domain is performed for the oscillating structures with piezoelectric strips subjected to unsteady aerodynamic loads. In the present work, the efficiency of this crack detection method is studied in realistic situations, by considering the aeroelastic oscillations in flexion and torsion of a wing-like structure which are excited in one of the following modes: (i) the aeroelastic oscillations excited by a pair of piezoelectric actuators bonded on the opposite sides of the structure; (ii) the aeroelastic oscillations excited by the harmonic oscillation of the angle of attack corresponding to the flight in atmospheric turbulence (harmonic gust); (iii) the aeroelastic oscillations generated by a sudden change in the angle of attack or in the airplane velocity due to a pilot control input. The numerical simulations for these cases have been performed by the simultaneous solution of the coupled equations of unsteady fluid flow and of the structure deformation motion, by using a finite element method for the dynamic of the structures with cracks and bonded piezoelectric strips, and a 3D panel method developed by the authors for the calculation of the unsteady aerodynamic loads. These numerical simulations have shown that the presence of a crack in the structure can be efficiently detected at an early stage by monitoring the response of the pairs of piezoelectric sensors.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".