Delays of supraglacial runoff from differently defined microbasin areas on the Peyto Glacier
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Microbasin runoff experiments were conducted on ice surfaces of the Peyto Glacier during the 1971 and 2008 ablation seasons, when half‐hourly measurements of net radiation, wind speed, temperature, vapour pressure, and supraglacial runoff were obtained on warm sunny days with daily mean temperatures 6·1–10·1 °C and daily total ablation amounts of 43–95 mm. Net radiation contributed almost 70% of the melt energy in 1971 and nearly 60% in 2008, with the remainder supplied by turbulent transfers of sensible and latent heat. Thus, the two experiments are similar in finding that radiation dominates surface melt energy inputs to microbasin runoff outputs. They differ with respect to area definitions and microbasin shapes: (1) a purposely delineated rhomboidal area, 30 m long × 15 m wide, covering 386 m 2 in 1971; (2) a naturally delineated elongated area, approximately 600 m long × 2 m wide, covering an estimated 1200 m 2 in 2008. Three 24‐hour periods beginning at 0700 h were obtained for experimental work in 1971, and 8 such periods in 2008. Supraglacial runoff was modelled by passing melt energy water equivalents through a simple storage reservoir and forcing closure with measured runoff by optimising for delay time. Optimal times of 1–2 h were found for 1971, and 7·5–11·5 h for 2008, thus indicating a major difference between the runoff responses of the two microbasins. It is possible that different basin shapes may explain the contrasting delay times, perhaps because different shapes signify different flow connections to meltwater storage in the weathering crust. If the elongated microbasin response is typical of the elemental hydrological response unit of the melting ice surface, distributed glacier runoff models should incorporate it as part of the model structure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".