Orally administrated Juzen‐taiho‐to/TJ‐48 ameliorates erythropoietin (rHuEPO)‐resistant anemia in patients on hemodialysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Maintenance of the red blood cell volume is a fundamental aspect of ensuring oxygen supply to the tissue. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) was approved for marketing in Japan in 1990 for the treatment of anemia in patients on dialysis. Recombinant human erythropoietin caused a significant increase in hemoglobin (Hb) levels in patients on dialysis. However, not all have a good response to rHuEPO therapy; the causes of rHuEPO failure include iron deficiency, infection, uremia, and interaction of some drugs. Juzen-taiho-to (TJ-48), a mixture of extracts from 10 medicinal herbs, has been used traditionally to treat patients with anemia, anorexia, or fatigue. To clarify the effect of TJ-48 on erythropoietin-resistant anemia, we studied the effect of TJ-48 in patients on hemodialysis with erythropoietin-resistant anemia. We divided 42 end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis with erythropoietin-resistant anemia (Hb<10.0 g/dL with rHuEPO 9000 U/wk or 15 U/kg/wk treatment) into 2 groups as follows: a TJ-48-treated group (TJ-48 group, 7.5 g/d, n=22) and a TJ-48 nontreated (control group, n=20). At the beginning of this study, there was no significant difference between the groups in age, sex, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, serum iron, and ferritin. After 12 weeks of treatment, the Hb level had significantly increased from 8.4 +/- 1.1 to 9.5 +/- 1.3 g/dL (P=0.0272) in the TJ-48 group. C-reactive protein (CRP) had significantly decreased from 1.4 +/- 1.7 to 0.6 +/- 0.8 mg/dL (P=0.0438). There was a significant negative correlation between Hb and CRP in the TJ-48 group (r(2)=0.121, P=0.0066). In contrast, in the control group, Hb and CRP showed no significant changes throughout this study. Nor was there a significant correlation between Hb and CRP in the control group. In conclusion, TJ-48 was effective in improving erythropoietin-resistant anemia in end-stage renal disease patients. This effect was, at least in part, due to the anti-inflammatory effect of TJ-48 in patients on hemodialysis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".