A catheter side wall tactile sensor: Design, modeling and experiments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intravascular neurosurgery is a new and important technique of minimally invasive surgery. The current surgical device, however, does not provide realistic tactile feedback, which makes the operation a very difficult task, and the surgeon must exert extreme caution in order to avoid medical accidents. In this paper, a novel tactile sensor, which is based on polyvinylidene fluoride, is developed to measure the pressure on the side wall of the catheter for intravascular neurosurgery. The relationship between the input force and the output charge signals is identified based on the composite laminate theory, shell theory and linear piezoelectric theory. The design, mathematical model, interface circuit and calibrating experiment of the tactile sensor are presented in detail. With this sensor, surgeons will be able to "feel" the contact force between the side wall of the catheter and the blood vessel. Experimental results show that the tactile sensor measures the pressure well when it contacts the side wall of blood.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".