Numerical Simulation of Gaseous Hydrocarbon Fuel Injection in a Hypersonic Inlet
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The performance of gaseous hydrocarbon/air mixing in the inlet of a scramjet is investigated in this paper. The two-oblique-shock mixed-compression inlet configuration is selected, and cantilevered ramp injectors, designed to deliver rapid mixing in a high-enthalpy flow, are placed strategically near the leading edge of the inlet. Air inflow conditions correspond to a Mach 8 flight at a dynamic pressure of 67,032 Pa at a 28.6 km altitude. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of inlet geometrical parameters, fuel-injection properties, and injector dimensions on the mixing efficiency. Both light (CH 4 ) and heavy (C 12 H 24 ) hydrocarbon fuels are considered. The analysis ofthree-dimensional steady-state flowfields is undertaken numerically, using the WARP code. WARP solves the multispecies Favre-averaged Navier―Stokes equations, which are closed by the Wilcox t-ω turbulence model. The numerical results indicate that a mixing efficiency of up to 95.8% can be achieved with a low risk of premature ignition. Inlet compression ratio, fuel-tank stagnation temperature, and fuel/air equivalence ratio are all identified as having a significant influence on inlet fuel-injection performance. The applicability of the cantilevered ramp injector to the Mach 8 hydrocarbon inlet is validated and justified.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it