Delirium Index Six-Monthly in Patients with Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Subjective Cognitive Impairment: Keys to Interpreting Delirium Index in Cognitive Impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background : The delirium index (DI) is a simple non-copyrighted test which captures most delirium symptoms and signs. Despite its attractiveness it has been used in only 21/589 (3.6%) delirium articles published after DI appeared. Methods : Prospective observational cohort study in a geriatric memory clinic. We followed 259 community-dwelling elderly with dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive impairment (SCI). Measurements: six-monthly DI, Mini-Mental State (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Addenbrooke Cognitive Assessment (ACE-R), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) to predict the declines in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Mean follow-up was 622 days. Results : Mean DI increased from baseline 3.20 ± 1.90, to six-month 3.41 ± 2.00, twelve-month 3.61 ± 2.13, and peaked at eighteen-month 4.10 ± 2.2. It then declined to 3.71 ± 2.43 at twenty-four months, 3.98 ± 2.24 at thirty months. Spearman rank correlations were significant at a P < 0.0001 level between baseline DI and baseline and six-month IADL, MMSE, MoCA, ACE-R, FAB and with later DI at six, twelve, eighteen, twenty-four, thirty and thirty-six months. Comparing 227/259 patients with baseline DI 0 - 5 to 32/259 with baseline DI ≥ 6, the two groups differed significantly in baseline IADL (22% difference between means of the two groups, P = 0.004), baseline MMSE (35%, P < 0.001), baseline MoCA (48%, P < 0.001), baseline FAB (41%, P < 0.001), and baseline ACE-R (36%, P < 0.0001). Conclusions : Mean delirium index increased progressively every six months to eighteen months in a memory clinic. DI is a good tool to monitor elderly at risk for delirium. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jnr204e
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".