In vitro hemocompatibility of albumin–heparin multilayer coatings on polyethersulfone prepared by the layer‐by‐layer technique
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polyethersulfone foils (PES)--a unique material for blood purification membranes--were coated with a multilayer assembly of heparin (unfractionated or high anticoagulant activity fraction heparin) and albumin (albumin-heparin coatings), or with a multilayer of albumin (albumin coating), using the layer-by-layer technique. The coatings combine advantages of albumin (reduction of nonspecific interactions) and heparin (specific interactions with blood coagulation proteins). The differences between the two heparins, while significant for their biological activity, had only a minor effect on the multilayer assembly with albumin monitored in situ by reflection infrared spectroscopy (FTIR MIRS). Uncoated as well as modified PES surfaces were evaluated using an in vitro assay with freshly drawn, slightly heparinized (1.5 IU heparin/mL) human whole blood. The blood was circulated with a roller pump over the sample surfaces in shear flow across rectangular slit channels ( app. 6 mL/min and 120 s(-1)) for 1.5 h at 37 degrees C. All coatings effectively reduced platelet adhesion and activation according to the PF4 release. The activation of coagulation evaluated as TAT generation was significantly lowered for the coating composed of albumin and high activity heparin. A further beneficial effect of the heparin containing coatings was reduced complement activation as determined by different complement fragments.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it