Room temperature transport measurements on Bridgman-grown CuInSe 2 with added sodium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thermoelectric power, Hall coefficient and resistivity measurements were carried out on material cut from monocrystalline ingots of CuInSe<sub>2</sub>. The ingots were grown using a vertical-Bridgman procedure, whereby Cu, In and Se were melted and directionally cooled within a sealed quartz ampoule. When stoichiometric proportions of the starting elements were used, the material was always p-type, with hole concentrations of the order of 10<sup>17</sup>-10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>. However, the incorporation of a sufficient amount of sodium (0.3 at. %) into the melt was seen to result in n-type material, with electron concentrations of the order of 10<sup>16</sup>. This conversion from p to n was hindered by the inclusion Se above stoichiometry into the ampoule, and more Na was required for the material to change type. The mobility of the p-type samples, with low sodium additions (0-0.2 at. %), was on average 17 cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>, and was seen to be higher for material grown from melts containing excess Se, corresponding to the chemical formula CuInSe<sub>2.2</sub>, than from stoichiometry. SEM/EDX (Scanning electron microscope / Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analysis of the ingots after growth indicated no sodium residing within the interior of the bulk material, but a significant amount was found on the exterior surface in the case of an ingot grown with CuInSe<sub>2.05</sub> and 5 at. % Na. Various deposits found within the ampoules after growth were analyzed, including a copper-rich precipitate found only in ampoules which included a high concentration of Na and a low concentration of excess Se, resulting in n-type material.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".