Room temperature transport measurements on Bridgman-grown CuInSe 2 with added sodium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thermoelectric power, Hall coefficient and resistivity measurements were carried out on material cut from monocrystalline ingots of CuInSe2. The ingots were grown using a vertical-Bridgman procedure, whereby Cu, In and Se were melted and directionally cooled within a sealed quartz ampoule. When stoichiometric proportions of the starting elements were used, the material was always p-type, with hole concentrations of the order of 1017-1018 cm-3. However, the incorporation of a sufficient amount of sodium (0.3 at. %) into the melt was seen to result in n-type material, with electron concentrations of the order of 1016. This conversion from p to n was hindered by the inclusion Se above stoichiometry into the ampoule, and more Na was required for the material to change type. The mobility of the p-type samples, with low sodium additions (0-0.2 at. %), was on average 17 cm2V-1s-1, and was seen to be higher for material grown from melts containing excess Se, corresponding to the chemical formula CuInSe2.2, than from stoichiometry. SEM/EDX (Scanning electron microscope / Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analysis of the ingots after growth indicated no sodium residing within the interior of the bulk material, but a significant amount was found on the exterior surface in the case of an ingot grown with CuInSe2.05 and 5 at. % Na. Various deposits found within the ampoules after growth were analyzed, including a copper-rich precipitate found only in ampoules which included a high concentration of Na and a low concentration of excess Se, resulting in n-type material.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".