Inducible Responses in Papaya: Impact on Population Growth Rates of Herbivorous Mites and Powdery Mildew Under Field Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Induced plant responses to herbivores and pathogens have been found in many systems. We examined intra- and interspecific interactions among three parasites through induced responses in their shared host plant, papaya. Three key parasites attack papaya foliage in Hawaii: the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval); the papaya rust mite, Calacarus flagelliseta Fletchmann, De Moraes, and Barbosa; and the powdery mildew causal agent, Oidium caricae F. Noack. Under laboratory conditions, papaya seedlings were first exposed to standardized populations of mites and mildew; the parasites were removed, and the clean, previously infested plants were transplanted into the field to be exposed to colonization by natural populations of plant parasites. Population growth of colonizers was monitored for a period of 3 mo. We found no evidence for induced plant resistance. Rather, our results suggest that papaya expresses a weak form of induced susceptibility after injury from papaya rust mites and powdery mildew. Plants exposed to rust mites as young seedlings subsequently supported larger populations of spider mites, and plants exposed early to powdery mildew subsequently supported larger populations of rust mites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".