Characterization of an Emerging Heterosexual HIV Epidemic in Russia
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Background: The Russian Federation is currently experiencing one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics worldwide. The objective was to identify sexual risk factors for recent heterosexually-acquired HIV infections. Methods: A case-control study of recent HIV infection was conducted in the regions of Altaiskiy Krai, Krasnoyarskiy Krai, Saratov Oblast, and Tverskaya Oblast. Data from 166 participants who did not report recent injection drug use were analyzed (19 male cases, 22 male controls, 67 female cases, 58 female controls). Independent risk factors for HIV infection are reported as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Risk factors were unprotected sex with an HIV-positive/status unknown regular partner (among women only: AOR 5.4, 95% CI 2.1–13); a regular sexual partner who was an injection drug user (AOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.5–8.5); 5 or more sexual partners (among men only: AOR 2.7, 95% CI 0.66–11); unprotected sex with a partner who had a diagnosed sexually transmitted infection (STI) or signs/symptoms of an STI (AOR 6.4, 95% CI 1.1–38); and undiagnosed signs/symptoms of an STI (AOR 3.4, 95% CI 1.5–7.6). Conclusions: These data provide evidence of bridging between the injecting and noninjecting populations. Concomitant STI seem to have a major role in fueling the Russian HIV epidemic. A case-control study of recent HIV infection was conducted by the Russian Federation. Sex with regular partners who inject drugs and concomitant sexually transmitted infection have a major role in heterosexually-acquired infections in this population.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it