A quasi‐one‐dimensional coupled climate‐change cycle model: 1. Description and behavior of the climate component
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A quasi‐one‐dimensional, coupled climate‐carbon cycle model is presented, which consists of two polar domains and one nonpolar domain. The model simulates the distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), alkalinity, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, and temperature and contains a biological pump with production of organic tissue, calcite, and arogonite. Bottom water is conditioned in one polar domain through interaction with the atmosphere and convective mixing and is injected into the lower portion of the nonpolar domain. Bottom water formed in the downwelling polar domain largely upwells in the nonpolar domain, although a portion upwells from intermediate depth into the other polar domain. In this paper the climate component of the coupled model and its behavior are described, while the carbon cycle component is documented by Harvey [this issue], hereafter referred to as part 2. We develop a simple physical basis for determining the relative magnitudes of the effective vertical diffusion coefficient (kv) for different tracers in a one‐dimensional (1‐D) model and find that kv is smallest for temperature, intermediate for carbon, and largest for dissolved oxygen. We deduce a substantially smaller kv for temperature in the upper ocean than previously used in 1‐D models (∼0.2 cm2 s−2 rather than 0.6–1.0 cm2 s−1) and a smaller peak upwelling velocity (2 m yr−1 rather than 4 m yr−1). The explicit representation of convective mixing has a significant effect on the model surface temperature transient response and sea level rise when the intensity of the thermohaline changes. As a result, the transient temperature response and sea level rise obtained here when the thermohaline circulation intensity decreases is significantly different from that of the classical 1‐D upwelling‐diffusion model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".