Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pacific oysters were introduced into west coast of the USA from Matsushima Bay in Japan, infected with low levels of Haplosporidiumsp. identical to H.nelsoni(MSX) which causes high mortalities of Eastern oyster (C. virginica). A highly specific and sensitive DNA probe for H. nelsonican also detect Haplosporidium sp. in C.gigas of western US and Japan (Burreson and Stokes 2000).In 2002, H. nelsoni was detected in Japan using the same probe (Kamaishi and Yoshinaga 2002).Lesson: it appears that H. nelsoni does not cause serious disease in Pacific oysters; H. nelsoniis now speculated to have been introduced into the Pacific US by apparently healthy but infected C. gigas. Infected C. gigaswere introduced onto the east coast of the US where the parasite shifted its virulence into a new host, infecting Eastern oystersand causing mass mortalities. H.nelsoni has also been reported from Korea in 1971 at that under the name of Minchinia sp. (Kern 1976). H. nelsoni has been reported from Pacific oyster in France (Renault et al. 2000) and may have been introduced with P. oyster imports to replace Ostrea edulis devastated by Marteilia refringens and Bonamia ostrea. Canada reported for the first time H. nelsoni infection in 2002.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".