Bibliographic record
Abstract
A complete macroscopic theory for compressible nematic-viscous fluid interfaces is developed and used to characterize the interfacial elastic, viscous, and viscoelastic material properties. The derived expression for the interfacial stress tensor includes elastic and viscous components. Surface gradients of the interfacial elastic stress tensor generates tangential Marangoni forces as well as normal forces. The latter may be present even in planar surfaces, implying that in principle static planar interfaces may accommodate pressure jumps. The asymmetric interfacial viscous stress tensor takes into account the surface nematic ordering and is given in terms of the interfacial rate of deformation and interfacial Jaumann derivative. The material function that describes the anisotropic viscoelasticity is the dynamic interfacial tension, which includes the interfacial tension and dilational viscosities. Viscous dissipation due to interfacial compressibility is described by the anisotropic dilational viscosity, and it is shown to describe the Boussinesq surface fluid appropriate for Newtonian interfaces when the director is homeotropic. Three characteristic interfacial shear viscosities are defined according to whether the surface orientation is along the velocity direction, the velocity gradient, or the unit normal. In the last case the expression reduces to the interfacial shear viscosity of the Boussinesq surface fluid. The theory provides a theoretical framework to study interfacial stability, thin liquid film stability and hydrodynamics, and any other interfacial rheology phenomena.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".