The Evolution of AVHRR-Derived Water Temperatures over Lakes in the Mackenzie Basin and Hydrometeorological Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The temperature evolution of water bodies is determined and compared over the Mackenzie River hydrological basin. The thermal IR observations used to determine the water temperatures were extracted from NOAA's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data over the period from April 1999 to September 1999. The IR temperatures were calibrated and adjusted to account for the intervening atmosphere. For each day, 1-km-resolution temperature scenes were generated. From the temperature scenes, clear-sky temperature values were extracted for water bodies with areas larger than 100 km2. The temperature cycle over water bodies can be decomposed into a small positive slope from near 0°C until the water temperature reaches 4°C, followed by a quadratic trend that can be easily fitted. The quadratic curve fit parameters give information for cataloging and comparing each water body's seasonal temperature cycle. Data stratification confirms a strong latitudinal influence on the shape of the curves. Compared to Great Slave Lake, the duration of open water for Lake Athabasca is longer and begins about 16 days earlier; for Great Bear Lake, the cycle is shorter and begins about 45 days later. Fitted maximum temperatures are 15.5°C for Lake Athabasca, 13.7°C for Great Slave Lake, and 6.8°C for Great Bear Lake. The AVHRR-derived seasonal temperatures should be useful in estimating total lake evaporation because lakes with longer and warmer seasonal temperature cycles should tend to evaporate over longer time periods than those with shorter and cooler temperature cycles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".