Retardation of ice growth in glass capillaries: Measurement of the critical capillary radius
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experiment was designed to compare the freezing of an aqueous solution in glass microcapillaries and in thin films. The velocity dependence of the ice front propagation in glass capillaries with radii of 87.5 microm-1.5 microm was observed. A critical capillary radius r(0), corresponding to certain thermal conditions, was obtained, below which the ice growth inside the capillaries was retarded. This critical capillary radius is further related to lambda(0), the smallest wavelength used in the Mullins-Sekerka criterion for the instability analysis of bulk solidifications [Mullins and Sekerka, J. Appl. Phys. 35, 444 (1964)]. It was found that for the present hypothesis, r(0)=lambda(0)/4 gives good predictions. The relation between the propagation velocity (or cooling rate) and the critical radius (or pore size) is summarized in a chart for applications in capillary-porous media, such as in the freezing of biological tissues.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".