Genetic relatedness of noroviruses identified in sporadic gastroenteritis in children and gastroenteritis outbreaks in Northern Alberta
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We compared the proportion and genotype distribution of norovirus (NoV) identified in sporadic acute gastroenteritis in children younger than 7 years old with the NoV strains found in outbreaks from January 2003 through April 2004 in northern Alberta, Canada. Eight genogroup I (GI) and 133 GII NoV cases were detected in 1,166 cases of acute sporadic childhood gastroenteritis with a monthly detection rates varying from 6.0% to 20.4% and no sporadic gastroenteritis case in October 2003. Seventy-eight outbreaks (65%) tested positive for NoV during the study period with an obvious winter predominance and no NoV outbreaks in August, September, and October 2003. Three GI and 51 GII strains from the sporadic childhood gastroenteritis cases and seven GI and 37 GII strains from gastroenteritis outbreaks were sequenced and analyzed. Strains belonging to the GII.4 cluster predominated in outbreaks (68%) while the strains in sporadic childhood gastroenteritis demonstrated significant heterogeneity with the majority belonging to the GII.3 cluster (36%). Further analysis of NoV strains from 34 sporadic childhood gastroenteritis cases and 38 gastroenteritis outbreaks in chronologically and geographically related groups failed to demonstrate clear link between strains circulating in the setting of sporadic childhood gastroenteritis and those found in outbreaks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".