Noxious cold evokes multiple sensations with distinct time courses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A noxious cold stimulus can evoke multiple sensations each occurring with a different time course. We have performed psychophysical studies to identify the time course of five sensations evoked by a noxious cold stimulus applied to the hand. Subjects continuously rated either pain, ache, cold, heat or prickle sensations throughout repeated presentations of a noxious cold stimulus (3 degrees C) from a neutral (32 degrees C) baseline. Separate runs were used to assess each of the five types of sensation. Cold was reported throughout the period of cooling. The time course of pain and ache sensations were similar. However, prickle and heat sensations had time courses that could be distinguished from each other, and from ache and pain. Identification of these temporal profiles could provide clues to their underlying mechanisms. The temporal dissociation of these sensations will also enable neuroimaging studies of the cortical mechanisms associated with these sensations. Thus our results constitute a first step toward identifying the distinct modes of neural activity associated with different types of pain sensation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".