Ocean circulation within the North Water polynya of Baffin Bay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The North Water Polynya is a recurrent polynya at the northern end of Baffin Bay. As part of the International North Water Project, recording current meters were moored within this polynya during 1997–98 to study the physical reasons for its existence. The data demonstrate that the North Water Polynya is dominated by a strong southward flow of cold water and ice from the Arctic Ocean. Although the West Greenland Current directs a modest flow of warmer water towards the polynya from the south‐east, this flow loses much of its heat south of the polynya through re‐circulation into and isopycnal mixing with the Arctic outflow. If an ice jam stops the inflow of ice from the north, the continued drift of ice southward ‘below’ the blockage is sufficient to create a large polynya without oceanic heating. However, upwelling near the Greenland coast can bring relatively warm water to the base of the turbulent surface layer where it is entrained via convection driven by brine growing from ice. The resulting flux of sensible heat supplies about one‐third of the heat loss at the surface and slows ice growth. Because the sensible heat flux is dependent upon freezing, it decreases as ice growth slows in spring and cannot, itself, generate ice‐free waters early in the year.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".