Pattern and timing of sediment infill at glacier-fed Mud Lake: implications for lateglacial and Holocene environments in the Monashee Mountain region of British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Holocene sedimentary infill of proglacial Mud Lake, British Columbia, Canada, was investigated using 3.5 kHz acoustic sub-bottom profiling and sediment samples. The sediment infill is a mixture of silt and clay and is divided into five stratigraphic units: massive silt (Unit 1), weakly laminated silt with very fine sand beds (Unit 2), weakly laminated silt with rippled beds of fine sand (Unit 3), weakly laminated clay with very fine sand laminations (Unit 4) and silt-clay varves (Unit 5). Acoustic reflectors correlate with stratigraphic unit boundaries. Annual accumulation rates were estimated for six age/depth intervals: prior to 9.6 kyr cal. BP, accumulation rates were very high - on the order of several centimetres per year. Early to middle Holocene sediment inputs (9.6-3.6 kyr cal. BP) were variable but low, ranging from 0.3 mm/yr to 1.2 mm/yr. The late Holocene (most recent 3.6 kyr) shows annual accumulation rates that generally exceed 2 mm/yr. Surface sediment reveals a mean of 4.3 mm/yr over the last 20 years. These results are consistent with regional Holocene chronologies and long-term paraglacial succession: (1) maximum sediment and meltwater availability and minimum stabilization by vegetation following Fraser deglaciation replaced by (2) less meltwater and sediment availability during the Hypsithermal, and (3) more stabilized sediment during the early and mid Holocene. Renewal of glacial activity, particularly in the late Neoglacial, has led to increased rates of accumulation in Mud Lake. Despite the contrasting geologic setting of Mud Lake in the Omineca belt, contemporary sediment yield is consistent with the trend of sediment yield with glacier cover in lakes of the adjacent Foreland belt.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".